Surfing

Surf paddling & pop-up

Prone paddling is endurance work for the lats, shoulders and upper back while the lower back holds the chest up for hours. Catching a wave adds sprint paddles and an explosive push-up into the pop-up.

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Surfer lying on her board, chest raised, paddling through cold water

Muscles worked

Neck — 35% importance (Front)Upper traps — 35% importance (Front)Front delts — 30% importance (Front)Side delts — 50% importance (Front)Chest — 50% importance (Front)Serratus anterior — 45% importance (Front)Biceps (Front)Forearms & grip — 30% importance (Front)Abs — 50% importance (Front)Obliques — 50% importance (Front)Hip flexors — 40% importance (Front)Quads — 45% importance (Front)Adductors — 25% importance (Front)Shins (tibialis) (Front)Calves (Front)Outer shins (peroneals) — 25% importance (Front)Feet (arch & toes) — 30% importance (Front)Neck — 35% importance (Back)Upper traps — 35% importance (Back)Upper back (rhomboids, mid/lower traps) — 80% importance (Back)Rear delts — 75% importance (Back)Side delts — 50% importance (Back)Rotator cuff — 85% importance (Back)Lats — 100% importance (Back)Lower back (erectors) — 85% importance (Back)Triceps — 65% importance (Back)Forearms & grip — 30% importance (Back)Hip abductors (glute med) — 30% importance (Back)Glutes — 60% importance (Back)Hamstrings (Back)Adductors — 25% importance (Back)Calves (Back)
FrontBack
  • Lats
  • Lower back
  • Rotator cuff
  • Upper back
  • Rear delts
  • Triceps
  • Glutes
  • Side delts

The movement, phase by phase

  1. Arched prone position

    Chest lifted, head up — the lower back, glutes and upper back work isometrically the whole session.

    • Spinal extension
    • Hip extension
    • Shoulder-blade squeeze
    Neck — primary (Front)Upper traps (Front)Front delts (Front)Side delts (Front)Chest (Front)Serratus anterior (Front)Biceps (Front)Forearms & grip (Front)Abs (Front)Obliques (Front)Hip flexors (Front)Quads (Front)Adductors (Front)Shins (tibialis) (Front)Calves (Front)Outer shins (peroneals) (Front)Feet (arch & toes) (Front)Neck — primary (Back)Upper traps (Back)Upper back (rhomboids, mid/lower traps) — primary (Back)Rear delts (Back)Side delts (Back)Rotator cuff (Back)Lats (Back)Lower back (erectors) — primary (Back)Triceps (Back)Forearms & grip (Back)Hip abductors (glute med) (Back)Glutes — primary (Back)Hamstrings (Back)Adductors (Back)Calves (Back)
  2. Catch & pull

    Long, alternating arm pulls through the water to the hip — lats and triceps propel the board.

    • Straight-arm pull (shoulder extension)
    • Vertical pull
    • Elbow extension
    Neck (Front)Upper traps (Front)Front delts (Front)Side delts (Front)Chest (Front)Serratus anterior (Front)Biceps (Front)Forearms & grip — primary (Front)Abs (Front)Obliques (Front)Hip flexors (Front)Quads (Front)Adductors (Front)Shins (tibialis) (Front)Calves (Front)Outer shins (peroneals) (Front)Feet (arch & toes) (Front)Neck (Back)Upper traps (Back)Upper back (rhomboids, mid/lower traps) (Back)Rear delts (Back)Side delts (Back)Rotator cuff — primary (Back)Lats — primary (Back)Lower back (erectors) (Back)Triceps — primary (Back)Forearms & grip — primary (Back)Hip abductors (glute med) (Back)Glutes (Back)Hamstrings (Back)Adductors (Back)Calves (Back)
  3. Recovery

    The arm lifts out and swings forward — rear/side delts and rotator cuff under constant load.

    • Lateral raise (abduction)
    • Reverse fly
    • Shoulder rotation
    Neck (Front)Upper traps (Front)Front delts (Front)Side delts — primary (Front)Chest (Front)Serratus anterior (Front)Biceps (Front)Forearms & grip (Front)Abs (Front)Obliques (Front)Hip flexors (Front)Quads (Front)Adductors (Front)Shins (tibialis) (Front)Calves (Front)Outer shins (peroneals) (Front)Feet (arch & toes) (Front)Neck (Back)Upper traps (Back)Upper back (rhomboids, mid/lower traps) — primary (Back)Rear delts — primary (Back)Side delts — primary (Back)Rotator cuff — primary (Back)Lats (Back)Lower back (erectors) (Back)Triceps (Back)Forearms & grip (Back)Hip abductors (glute med) (Back)Glutes (Back)Hamstrings (Back)Adductors (Back)Calves (Back)
  4. Pop-up

    Explosive push away from the board, then hips and feet snap underneath — chest, triceps, core and hip flexors.

    • Horizontal push
    • Hip flexion
    • Anti-extension (brace)
    • Jump / plyometric
    Neck (Front)Upper traps (Front)Front delts — primary (Front)Side delts (Front)Chest — primary (Front)Serratus anterior — primary (Front)Biceps (Front)Forearms & grip (Front)Abs — primary (Front)Obliques (Front)Hip flexors — primary (Front)Quads (Front)Adductors (Front)Shins (tibialis) (Front)Calves (Front)Outer shins (peroneals) (Front)Feet (arch & toes) (Front)Neck (Back)Upper traps (Back)Upper back (rhomboids, mid/lower traps) (Back)Rear delts (Back)Side delts (Back)Rotator cuff (Back)Lats (Back)Lower back (erectors) (Back)Triceps — primary (Back)Forearms & grip (Back)Hip abductors (glute med) (Back)Glutes (Back)Hamstrings (Back)Adductors (Back)Calves (Back)
  5. Riding stance

    Low, rotated stance on a moving board — legs, rotation and balance.

    • Squat
    • Trunk rotation
    • Single-leg / lunge
    Neck (Front)Upper traps (Front)Front delts (Front)Side delts (Front)Chest (Front)Serratus anterior (Front)Biceps (Front)Forearms & grip (Front)Abs (Front)Obliques — primary (Front)Hip flexors (Front)Quads — primary (Front)Adductors — primary (Front)Shins (tibialis) (Front)Calves (Front)Outer shins (peroneals) (Front)Feet (arch & toes) (Front)Neck (Back)Upper traps (Back)Upper back (rhomboids, mid/lower traps) (Back)Rear delts (Back)Side delts (Back)Rotator cuff (Back)Lats (Back)Lower back (erectors) (Back)Triceps (Back)Forearms & grip (Back)Hip abductors (glute med) — primary (Back)Glutes — primary (Back)Hamstrings (Back)Adductors — primary (Back)Calves (Back)

Most specific exercises

Drills & sessions in the sport

Work done in the water or on the run itself, next to the strength exercises above.

Training notes

  • Back extensions and prone "Y/T" raises build the endurance to keep your chest up without neck pain.
  • Straight-arm pulldowns and single-arm rows mimic the alternating paddle stroke.
  • Explosive push-ups translate to a faster pop-up; unstable-surface work helps once you are up.

Mobility to pair with it

  • Thoracic extension (cobra / foam roller)
  • Hip flexor stretch for the pop-up
  • Shoulder overhead mobility